The ‘Jay Treaty’

The Jay Treaty can be seen as the start of the ‘special relationship’ between Britain and America.

1794

King George III 1760-1820

Introduction

In 1794, America had to choose between France, a new republic like herself, or Britain, whose oppressive rule she had just thrown off. America’s choice was surprising - but wise, as events quickly showed.

IN 1783, the American Revolutionary War came to an end with the Treaty of Paris. Six years later, the French people overthrew their own King, and many in America, especially the Jeffersonians, saw the new republican France as a more natural ally than Britain.

But America’s first Chief Justice, John Jay, refused to court war with Britain either to please the French, or (as the Jeffersonians demanded) to squeeze compensation out of London for plantation owners whose ‘property’ had escaped in the Revolutionary War.

‘Jay’s Treaty’, signed in London in 1794 with George Washington’s support, secured eighteen precious years of peace.

In that time, Britain busied herself abolishing slavery, and growing her trade with India. But Paris had already descended into her bloody ‘Terror’, and ten years later Napoleon Bonaparte, wearing an Emperor’s crown, had reintroduced slavery in French colonies, and plunged all Europe into war.

George Washington’s support was not just decisive. It was prophetic.

Précis
After the Revolutionary War, some American statesmen wanted to ally with republican France rather than Britain. George Washington, however, supported Chief Justice John Jay in brokering a trade deal with London, a decision which looked prophetic after the French republic fell to massacring its own people, and then became Napoleon’s empire.

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