In 1769, French engineer Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot built the world’s first steam-powered vehicle, of which this is a replica. Step by step, this led to English engineer Richard Trevithick successfully testing the world’s first steam locomotive at the Pen-y-Darren ironworks in 1803. As Hume says, Britain’s astonishing record of invention and industrial progress is founded on learning from others.
NOTHING is more usual, among states which have made some advances in commerce, than to look on the progress of their neighbours with a suspicious eye, to consider all trading states as their rivals, and to suppose that it is impossible for any of them to flourish, but at their expense.
In opposition to this narrow and malignant opinion, I will venture to assert, that the increase of riches and commerce in any one nation, instead of hurting, commonly promotes the riches and commerce of all its neighbours; and that a state can scarcely carry its trade and industry very far, where all the surrounding states are buried in ignorance, sloth, and barbarism.
Compare the situation of Great Britain at present, with what it was two centuries ago. All the arts both of agriculture and manufactures were then extremely rude and imperfect. Every improvement, which we have since made, has arisen from our imitation of foreigners; notwithstanding the advanced state of our manufactures, we daily adopt, in every art, the inventions and improvements of our neighbours.*
* See also John Bright on The Friendship of Trade.
Précis
In the eighteenth century, Scottish philospher David Hume criticised the view that a wealthy nation should try to keep other nations poor in order to remain wealthy. He argued that prosperity is increased when our neighbours are encouraged to advance, since the history of Britain shows that our ongoing success is founded on foreign inventions and trade. (57 / 60 words)