The Copy Book

A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing

A wily predator dons a sheepskin so he can help himself to the whole flock.

Freely translated
1135-1145

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A Mexican wolf.
© Jim Clark (US Fish and Wildlife Service), Wikimedia Commons. Licence: Public domain.

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A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing

© Jim Clark (US Fish and Wildlife Service), Wikimedia Commons. Licence: Public domain. Source

A Mexican wolf.

X

“Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves. Ye shall know them by their fruits”, Matthew 7:15-16. Nikephoros Basilakes taught rhetoric in the Patriarchal School of Constantinople in the 12th century (that is, about the time of Henry II of England), and included this and other Aesop-style fables in his textbook for students to practise on.

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Introduction

The wolf in sheep’s clothing is a metaphor used by Jesus Christ to warn against those who pretend to be Christians so they can prey on them. Nikephoros Basilakes, a twelfth-century teacher of rhetoric at the Patriarchal School in Constantinople, penned this little ‘Aesop’s Fable’ with a twist to the tale.

IT occurred one day to the Wolf to conceal his true nature under a disguise, as it promised a feast; and, swathed in the fleece of a ram, he grazed with the rest of the flock, completely fooling the shepherd with his stratagem.

Night fell. The shepherd herded the predator into the fold, drew the gate across the entrance, and saw to it that the enclosure was tight shut.

But then the shepherd took a fancy to some mutton. So he picked up a knife — and slaughtered the wolf.

And the moral of that is, that he who plays a comedy in borrowed clothes often loses his life, having found the stage painted for a tragedy.

Freely translated

Freely translated from the ‘Progymnasmata’ of Nikephoros Basilakes (12th century), as given in ‘Rhetores Graeci’ (1832) p. 427, by Christian Walz (1802-1857).

Précis

A wolf dressed himself up as a ram in the hope of spending a night shut in the sheepfold, and preying on the whole flock. His plan was working well until the shepherd, who had been completely taken in, suddenly decided to choose a sheep for his own table, and picked the undercover wolf. (54 / 60 words)

A wolf dressed himself up as a ram in the hope of spending a night shut in the sheepfold, and preying on the whole flock. His plan was working well until the shepherd, who had been completely taken in, suddenly decided to choose a sheep for his own table, and picked the undercover wolf.

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Variations: 1.increase the length of this precis to exactly 60 words. 2.reduce the length of this precis to exactly 50 words. 3.introduce one of the following words into the precis: although, because, besides, if, just, not, unless, whereas.

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Word Games

Sevens Based on this passage

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

Why did the wolf dress up as a sheep?

Suggestion

Variations: 1.expand your answer to exactly fourteen words. 2.expand your answer further, to exactly twenty-one words. 3.include one of the following words in your answer: if, but, despite, because, (al)though, unless.

Spinners Find in Think and Speak

For each group of words, compose a sentence that uses all three. You can use any form of the word: for example, cat → cats, go → went, or quick → quickly, though neigh → neighbour is stretching it a bit.

This exercise uses words found in the accompanying passage.

1 Fleece. Nature. Saw.

2 Comedy. He. Lose.

3 Fall. Gate. So.

Variations: 1. include direct and indirect speech 2. include one or more of these words: although, because, despite, either/or, if, unless, until, when, whether, which, who 3. use negatives (not, isn’t, neither/nor, never, nobody etc.)

Homonyms Find in Think and Speak

Each of the words below has more than one possible meaning. Compose your own sentences to show what those different meanings are.

This exercise uses words found in the accompanying passage.

1. Pick. 2. Saw. 3. Entrance. 4. Found. 5. Play. 6. Ram. 7. See. 8. Draw. 9. Fold.

Show Suggestions

For each word above, choose one or more suitable meanings from this list.

1. Large, serrated cutting tool. 2. Equal number of points in a game. 3. Make music. 4. A proverb, traditional saying. 5. Extract. 6. Of a business, stop trading. 7. Choose. 8. A male sheep (opposite of a ewe). 9. Pen for sheep. 10. Pull along. 11. Discovered. 12. Take part in a sport or game. 13. Hold in a spell. 14. Attract. 15. T-shaped tool. 16. The seat of a bishop. 17. Noticed with the eyes, spotted. 18. The way in. 19. Give up a hand of poker. 20. A stage drama, e.g. Hamlet. 21. Establish an institution. 22. Drive violently into. 23. Observe with the eyes. 24. Bend something over on itself. 25. Make a picture.

High Tiles Find in Think and Speak

Make words (three letters or more) from the seven letters showing below, using any letter once only. Each letter carries a score. What is the highest-scoring word you can make?

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