The Copybook

Short passages for reading, drawn from history, legend, poetry and fiction.

1573
John to Henry IV Clay Lane

A quick overview of the Kings of England from John in 1199 to Henry IV in 1399.

Below is a brief overview of the Kings of England from John, whose disgruntled barons forced him to sign the Magna Carta in 1215, to Henry IV, who pushed his cousin Richard II off the throne.

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1574
Fashionable Freedom Thomas Clarkson

Josiah Wedgwood’s promotional gift made Abolitionism fashionable.

The Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, founded in 1787 by Thomas Clarkson, distributed a tasteful cameo of its emblem done in jasperware by Josiah Wedgwood. Clarkson (who sent some to Benjamin Franklin, President of Pennsylvania) later expressed his warm appreciation.

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1575
Mrs Clements Clay Lane

Mrs Clements of Durham is not a household name, but the product she invented is.

Mrs Clement’s innovative process for making hot mustard powder sparked welcome fresh business for farmers and potters in northeast England, and is the secret behind the famous Colman’s of Norwich - and their “bull’s head” logo.

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1576
Richard Arkwright Clay Lane

Arkwright invented the factory, without which modern life would be impossible.

Richard Arkwright (1732-1792), the son of a Lancashire tailor, was knighted in 1786 in recognition of his role as one of the architects of the Industrial Revolution - not for the inventions once credited to him, but for developing the idea of factories.

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1577
The Story of ‘Oliver Twist’ Clay Lane

Fate and a vicious professional thief named Fagin conspire to trap orphan Oliver Twist into a life of crime.

‘Oliver Twist, or, The Parish-Boy’s Progress’ is a novel by Charles Dickens. First published in February 1837, it has been dramatised for film and TV many times, and turned into a popular musical named ‘Oliver!’. Here is the first part of a two-part summary of the plot.

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1578
The Birds Clay Lane

Two men fed up with Athenian politics decide to build a city in the sky.

Aristophanes’s absurd play is two and half thousand years old, but its satire is as fresh today as it ever has been.

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