Introduction
On April 3rd, 1878, a group of students was beaten up by the locals during a Moscow demonstration. Fyodor Dostoevsky, responding to their plea for sympathy, replied as nicely as he could that the public just didn’t see students as their friends. They saw them as foreign agents, the tools of pro-Western elites who didn’t understand the people — and worse, didn’t respect them.
Gentlemen, if you find anything in my words which contravenes your views, your best plan will be not to get angry with me about it. There is trouble enough without that. In our putrid society, nothing reigns but sheer deception. It can no longer hold together by its own strength. The people alone is strong and steadfast, but between society and the people there have reigned for the last ten years most terrible misunderstandings. When our sentimentalists freed the people from serfdom,* they believed, in full tide of emotion, that the people would instantly take to its bosom that European fraud which they call civilization.* But the people showed itself to be very independent, and now it is beginning to realize the insincerity of the upper stratum in our society. The events of the last couple of years have but strengthened it, and made many things clear to its eyes. Nevertheless, the people can distinguish between its enemies and its friends.
* Serfdom is a policy which ties workers to one plot of land and one employer, and forbids them to sell their labour where they wish or at a price they find acceptable. It was abolished across Russia by Emperor Alexander II in 1861. It should be noted that abolition came only a little under thirty after an even worse abuse, slavery, was declared illegal in Britain’s imperial possessions, and two years before Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation removed legal protection for slavery in the USA.
* Dostoevsky called this Europeanism “the abstract realm of fantastic ‘Universal Man’”, that is, a political idealism that tried to erase Russian national or cultural identity. As he makes clear, he was not saying that European civilisation was a fraud, but that intellectuals in Russia were trying to get the public to swallow a fraudulent version of it, atheistic, patronising, democratic in name but not in reality. “It is really very strange” he mused; “all over the world, the democrats have ever been on the side of the people; with us alone have the democratic intellectuals leagued themselves with the aristocrats against the people; they go among the people ‘to do it good,’ while scorning all its customs and ideals. Such scorn cannot possibly lead to love!”
Précis
In 1878, Fyodor Dostoevsky told Moscow students that to heal Russia’s social divisions they would need to acknowledge that the Western European ‘civilisation’ they wanted to impose was an empty promise. Intellectuals had assumed the people would flock to it when serfdom was abolished, but the people had already seen through it ten years ago, and nothing had changed. (59 / 60 words)
In 1878, Fyodor Dostoevsky told Moscow students that to heal Russia’s social divisions they would need to acknowledge that the Western European ‘civilisation’ they wanted to impose was an empty promise. Intellectuals had assumed the people would flock to it when serfdom was abolished, but the people had already seen through it ten years ago, and nothing had changed.
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Variations: 1.increase the length of this precis to exactly 65 words. 2.reduce the length of this precis to exactly 55 words. 3.introduce one of the following words into the precis: although, because, despite, just, not, or, otherwise, unless.
Word Games
Sevens Based on this passage
Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.
According to Dostoevsky, what did Russian intellectuals expect the abolition of serfdom to do?
Suggestion
Spread Western European culture among ordinary Russians. (7 words)
Variations: 1.expand your answer to exactly fourteen words. 2.expand your answer further, to exactly twenty-one words. 3.include one of the following words in your answer: if, but, despite, because, (al)though, unless.
Jigsaws Based on this passage
Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.
People campaigned to free the serfs. They expected the serfs to become good Europeans. They didn’t.
Variation: Try rewriting your sentence so that it uses one or more of these words: 1. Abolish 2. Belief 3. Fulfil
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