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The Last Commandment

Anglo-Saxon poet Cynewulf imagines the farewell between Jesus and his Apostles, forty days after his resurrection.

Freely translated from the Old English
AD 800

Anglo-Saxon Britain 410-1066

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© Trevor Littlewood, Geograph. Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0.

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The Last Commandment

© Trevor Littlewood, Geograph. Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0. Source
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‘And a cloud received him out of their sight.’ A sudden cloud moves in on a bright sunny day below Torr na h-Uamha on the Isle of Mull in western Scotland.

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Introduction

Cynewulf (possibly the 8th century bishop Cynewulf of Lindisfarne) imagines Christ’s last words to his Apostles, before a cloud came and took him from their sight, never to be seen again – and yet, somehow, never to leave them.

And when he had spoken these things,
while they beheld, he was taken up;
and a cloud received him out of their sight.

Acts 1:9

“BE glad of heart! Never shall I wander; my love shall follow you unceasingly.* My might I give you, and I am with you always, even unto the end,* that through my gift none shall ever lack God.

“Go now through all this wide earth, to its uttermost bounds,* and tell its multitude; preach and proclaim the bright faith, and baptise the peoples beneath the firmament.*

“Turn unto the heathen.* Break their idols – fell them, abhor them;* abolish enmity,* sow peace in the hearts of men, prospered by my might. I will dwell among you henceforth for your comfort, and in my hand is peace, strength as fast as a pillar,* wherever you may go.”

Freely translated from the Old English

Freely translated from the Old English of ‘Christ’, by Cynewulf. For a literal translation, see Anglo-Saxon Poetry.

Psalm 23:6.

Matthew 28:20.

Acts 13:47.

Matthew 28:19.

Acts 13:46.

1 John 5:21.

Ephesians 2:15.

2 Esdras 2:15

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Spinners Find in Think and Speak

For each group of words, compose a sentence that uses all three. You can use any form of the word: for example, cat → cats, go → went, or quick → quickly, though neigh → neighbour is stretching it a bit.

This exercise uses words found in the accompanying passage.

1 He. Idol. Never.

2 Bound. Fell. Peace.

3 Faith. Man. Wherever.

Variations: 1. include direct and indirect speech 2. include one or more of these words: although, because, despite, either/or, if, unless, until, when, whether, which, who 3. use negatives (not, isn’t, neither/nor, never, nobody etc.)

Homonyms Find in Think and Speak

Each of the words below has more than one possible meaning. Compose your own sentences to show what those different meanings are.

This exercise uses words found in the accompanying passage.

1. Man. 2. Fast. 3. Even. 4. May. 5. Mine. 6. Bright. 7. Break.

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For each word above, choose one or more suitable meanings from this list.

1. Flat and smooth. 2. Pit. 3. Intelligent. 4. In the extreme case. 5. Steady, reliable (friend). 6. A month of the year. 7. A male person. 8. Belonging to me. 9. Provide the crew for. 10. Shining, sunny. 11. A short rest (an intermission, holiday or moment of relief). 12. Snap; cause to stop working. 13. An island in the Irish Sea. 14. Tight, secure. 15. Verb indicating possibility. 16. Quick, quickly. 17. The hawthorn tree and its blossom. 18. Go without food. 19. Not odd.

Adjectives Find in Think and Speak

For each word below, compose sentences to show that it may be used as an adjective. Adjectives provide extra information about a noun, e.g. a black cat, a round table, the early bird etc..

This exercise uses words found in the accompanying passage.

1 Utter. 2 Broken. 3 Uttermost. 4 Willing. 5 Endless. 6 Loving. 7 Loveless. 8 Peaceful. 9 Wide.

Variations: 1.show whether your adjective can also be used as e.g. a noun, verb or adverb. 2.show whether your adjective can be used in comparisons (e.g. good/better/best). 3.show whether your adjective can be used in attributive position (e.g. a dangerous corner) and also in predicate position (this corner is dangerous).

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Make words (three letters or more) from the seven letters showing below, using any letter once only. Each letter carries a score. What is the highest-scoring word you can make?

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