The Dissolution of the Monasteries

THESE things were not done without causing great discontent among the people. The monks had been good landlords and hospitable entertainers of all travellers, and had been accustomed to give away a great deal of corn, and fruit, and meat, and other things. In those days it was difficult to change goods into money, in consequence of the roads being very few and very bad, and the carts and waggons of the worst description; and they must either have given away some of the good things they possessed in enormous quantities, or have suffered them to spoil and moulder.

So, many of the people missed what it was more agreeable to get idly than to work for;* and the monks who were driven out of their homes and wandered about encouraged their discontent; and there were, consequently, great risings in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. These were put down by terrific executions, from which the monks themselves did not escape, and the King went on grunting and growling in his own fat way, like a Royal pig.

abridged

Abridged from ‘A Child’s History of England’ (1895) by Charles Dickens.

Desperate shortages and civil unrest led Elizabeth I to codify Poor Laws in 1597 and again in 1601, in an attempt to recreate the support once given by the monasteries. They were barely adequate to the task, and fresh reforms from 1834 introduced workhouses and ever more stringent criteria in the vain hope of helping the needy while weeding out what Alfred Doolittle called the ‘undeserving poor’. Dickens’s own damning judgment on the New Poor Laws in Oliver Twist and A Christmas Carol is comment enough.

Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

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