YET instead of capitalising on Edward’s diplomacy, his grandson and successor Richard II weakly agreed a truce in 1396.* Richard’s cousin Henry IV maintained it, but Henry’s son Henry V broke it, goaded by the Dauphin, son of the mentally ill Charles VI, into a battle and famous victory at Agincourt on October 25th, 1415.* Charles gave Henry his daughter Catherine in marriage, and named him heir in the Dauphin’s place.
Most unexpectedly, however, Henry died before his father-in-law, and in 1422 the disappointed Dauphin became Charles VII of France after all. Moreover, Henry’s son Henry VI was nothing like his warrior father; Normandy was lost at the battle of Formigny in 1450, and Gascony — all that remained of Aquitaine — at Castillon in 1453.
After such failures the overtaxed people of England would no longer support the costly campaign.* The English monarchs kept Calais until 1558, and invoked the title of King of France as late as 1802, but the Hundred Years’ War was over.
Edward III’s son Edward the Black Prince, who had struck such fear into the French at Crécy and at Poitiers, died in 1376, a year before his father. Richard II was his son.
See Jack Cade’s Revolt, July 1450.