A Nation of Shopkeepers

YOU are all nobility now, instead of the plain old Englishmen. You are ashamed of yourselves, and want to be a nation of nobility and gentlemen. Nothing is to be seen or heard of now in England, but “Sir John,” and “My lady.” All those things did very well with me in France, because they were conformable to the spirit of the nation; but believe me, it is contrary both to the spirit and the interest of England.

Stick to your ships, your commerce, and countinghouses, and leave cordons, crosses, and cavalry uniforms to the Continent, and you will prosper. Lord Castlereagh himself was ashamed of your being called a nation of merchants, and frequently said in France that it was a mistaken idea to suppose that England depended upon commerce, or was indebted to it for her riches; and added that it was not by any means necessary to her. How I laughed when I heard of this false pride!

From ‘Napoleon at St Helena’ (1888), by Barry Edward O’Meara (1786-1836).
Questions for Critics

1. What are the authors aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the authors communicate their ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

The English government conferred many honours. Napoleon thought this unsuitable for England. He thought it suitable for France.

See if you can include one or more of these words in your answer.

IMore. IIShower. IIIWell.

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