The Squeers Method

“IT’S a very useful one, at any rate,” answered Nickleby.

“I believe you,” rejoined Squeers, not remarking the emphasis of his usher. “Third boy, what’s a horse?”

“A beast, sir,” replied the boy.

“So it is,” said Squeers; “ain’t it, Nickleby?”

“I believe there is no doubt of that, sir,” answered Nicholas.

“Of course there isn’t,” replied Squeers. “A horse is a quadruped, and quadruped’s Latin for beast, as everybody that’s gone through the grammar knows, or else where’s the use of having grammars at all?”*

“Where, indeed?” said Nicholas, abstractedly.

“As you’re perfect in that,” resumed Squeers, turning to the boy, “go and look after my horse, and rub him down well, or I’ll rub you down. The rest of the class go and draw water up, till somebody tells you to leave off, for it’s washing day to-morrow, and they want the coppers filled.”

So saying, he dismissed the first class to their experiments in practical philosophy, and stood eyeing Nicholas with a look half doubtful, half cunning.

From ‘The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby’ by Charles Dickens (1812-1870).

* ‘Quadruped’ is of course an English word, though derived from Latin quadrupes, -pedis. Strictly speaking it means ‘four-footed animal’, though in fairness to Squeers most animals called ‘beasts’ are indeed four-footed, such as cattle, deer and horses.

Précis
Nicholas is hard pressed to find much good to say of Squeers’s teaching system, but for the moment Squeers is too thick-skinned to notice. He sets further practical assignments for the boys, and turns again to Nicholas for approbation, but by now his assistant’s faintly sardonic replies are beginning to make themselves felt and doubt is setting in.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

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