The Changing Face of Japan

IT was a land of romance, in which one was transported, not in thought but in actual life, back to the days of Richard Coeur de Lion, a fairyland in the picturesqueness of its people and in its own natural beauties. When I left it, the romance had gone. The samurai and the lords had become undistinguishable by outward signs from the common herd, and elbowed their way through the streets unnoticed and uncared-for. The din of electric cars never ceased and steam factories added to their noise. Japan had become a land of materialism, a great military and commercial Power. But the spirit of the people is unchanged. It is still to-day what it was when the great Mongol was triumphantly driven from the shores of the Island Empire.

From an essay by Joseph Henry Longford (1849-1925) in ‘The Spirit of the Allied Nations (1915), edited by Sir Sidney Low (1857-1932).

* After subjecting the Korean kingdom of Goryeo, Kublai Khan of the Yuan dynasty tried and failed to conquer the Japanese archipelago. Invasions in 1274 and 1281 were repelled by the Kamakura shogunate. Longford noted that the Japanese had been helped by a ‘divine wind’ (kamikaze), and drew several parallels with the failed invasion of England by The Spanish Armada.

Précis
When Longford left in 1902, everything in Japan had changed. From a society akin to mediaeval England, it had become a modern industrial society of noisy trams and factories. Yet Japanese character was not greatly changed from the ancient days when invaders had been put to flight: a welcome omen in the early years of the Great War.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

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