Frank Foley

TAKING advantage of his cover in passport control, Foley defied Foreign Office policy and issued some ten thousand visas to German Jews who did not meet the legal criteria, allowing them to escape to Mandatory Palestine, Britain and other parts of the Empire. Miriam Posner, sixteen at the time, remembered him well: “He just paced up and down a little and then asked for my passport and put the visa stamp on it.” Foley called into internment camps and took inmates, clutching forged papers, home to his wife Katharine before smuggling them away. Several such house guests were with them during the Kristallnacht pogrom on the night of November 9th, 1938.*

When war was declared and British subjects were evacuated in 1939,* Foley left behind in Berlin a thick wad of ready-stamped visas, with instructions for their use. After Germany’s defeat in 1945 he returned briefly to help root out war criminals before retiring home to England in 1949, where he died nine years later.

Based on ‘Frank Foley’ (Yad Vashem).

Another Berlin resident who was helping Jews escape to Mandatory Palestine was London-born department store owner Wilfrid Israel. Israel, Foley and another secret service agent named Hubert Pollack worked together, with Israel bankrolling Foley’s activities. “The number of Jews saved from Germany” said Pollack “would have been tens of thousands less if an officious bureaucrat had sat in Foley's place.”

See The Outbreak of the Second World War. Foley left after the Soviet Union signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact with Germany on August 22nd, 1939, which left Poland exposed and meant that war was inevitable.

Précis
Foley, despite working the Embassy and for MI6, went against Foreign Office policy and awarded visas to German Jews who did not legally qualify, and to provide camp internees with forged papers, allowing some ten thousand to escape to Britain and her Empire. After the war, he returned to Berlin once more to help bring war criminals to justice.
Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

How did Foley’s job allow him to help German Jews in 1930s Germany?

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

Foley granted visas to German Jews. Many did not meet the Foreign Office’s criteria.

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