The Copy Book

A People Deserving of Respect

Richard Cobden deplored the way that politicians in Britain justified their wars abroad by portraying other countries as barbarous and backward.

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A People Deserving of Respect

© LMarianne, via the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities in Stockholm and Wikimedia Commons. Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0. Source

Sculptural fragment of a woman’s head, Song dynasty, China.

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Part of a sculpture of a woman’s face, dated to the twelfth century, during the Song Dynasty (960-1279), and kept today at The Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities in Stockholm, Sweden. The British Government sought to justify another war with China by persuading Parliament that the country was backward and barbarous, and Lord Palmerston duly got his war, which brought all he could have hoped for with the Treaty of Tientsin in 1858. On October 18th, 1860, after news emerged that nineteen British and French soldiers had been captured, tortured and killed by the Chinese authorities, James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin, led a systematic destruction of the palace. Under his direction, four thousand men razed it to the ground in three days. The palace had stood there since 1707, and thousands of priceless works of art had been housed on the grounds.

Back to text

Sculptural fragment of a woman’s head, Song dynasty, China.

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© LMarianne, via the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities in Stockholm and Wikimedia Commons. Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Part of a sculpture of a woman’s face, dated to the twelfth century, during the Song Dynasty (960-1279), and kept today at The Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities in Stockholm, Sweden. The British Government sought to justify another war with China by persuading Parliament that the country was backward and barbarous, and Lord Palmerston duly got his war, which brought all he could have hoped for with the Treaty of Tientsin in 1858. On October 18th, 1860, after news emerged that nineteen British and French soldiers had been captured, tortured and killed by the Chinese authorities, James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin, led a systematic destruction of the palace. Under his direction, four thousand men razed it to the ground in three days. The palace had stood there since 1707, and thousands of priceless works of art had been housed on the grounds.

Introduction

In 1856, Chinese authorities in Canton arrested twelve sailors on a ship out of Macau that was flying British colours, albeit without a current licence. The sailors were released but the British went ahead and bombarded Canton for three weeks anyway, saying that force was all the Chinese understood. Richard Cobden protested in the House of Commons.

I hope we shall not hear it said in this house — as it has been in another place* — that these are barbarous people, and that you must deal with them by force. I tell you, that if you attempt to deal thus with them, it will be a difficult matter, and one, too, that will be costly to the people of this country. You will be disappointed, and deservedly so, if relying upon the supposition that you will be able to coerce the Chinese Government by force — you will be disappointed if you think that you will be repaid by increased commerce for the employment of violence. If you make the attempt, you will be disappointed again, as you have been disappointed before.

And are these people so barbarous that we should attempt to coerce them by force into granting what we wish? Here is an empire in which is the only relic of the oldest civilisation of the world — one which 2,700 years ago, according to some authorities, had a system of primary education — which had its system of logic before the time of Aristotle, and its code of morals before that of Socrates. Here is a country which has had its uninterrupted traditions and histories for so long a period — that supplied silks and other articles of luxury to the Romans 2,000 years ago!

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* ‘Another place’ is Parliamentary code for the House of Lords, which by convention is never named on the floor of the Commons. For more background to Cobden’s speech, see Bullies to the Weak, Cowards to the Strong.

Précis

Following a diplomatic incident in 1856, Richard Cobden told the House of Commons that he hoped that they would not attempt to justify British policy by disparaging the people of China, as the Lords had done. China’s cultural and economic heritage went back almost three millennia, he reminded them, and in some respects had been ahead of the West. (59 / 60 words)

Following a diplomatic incident in 1856, Richard Cobden told the House of Commons that he hoped that they would not attempt to justify British policy by disparaging the people of China, as the Lords had done. China’s cultural and economic heritage went back almost three millennia, he reminded them, and in some respects had been ahead of the West.

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Variations: 1.increase the length of this precis to exactly 65 words. 2.reduce the length of this precis to exactly 55 words. 3.introduce one of the following words into the precis: because, besides, must, or, otherwise, until, whether, who.

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