The Battle of Nechtansmere

King Ecgfrith of Northumbria dismissed repeated warnings about his imperial ambitions.

685

Anglo-Saxon Britain 410-1066

Introduction

The location of ‘Nechtansmere’, the Old English name for a crucial battle in 685 between Northumbria and the Picts of Scotland, is uncertain, though it appears to have taken place in mountainous country north of the Tay. Its result, however, could not be more clear: Northumbria would now begin its slow decline.

WHEN Ecgfrith became King of Northumbria in 670, his realm had never been stronger. The ambitious pagan King Penda of Mercia had fallen at the Battle of the Winwaed in 655, and though Penda’s Christian heir Ethelred rebuffed Ecgfrith’s advance southwards in 679, lands to the north looked promising.

The Picts in eastern Scotland were soon subdued, and Ecgfrith heralded the coming of Northumbrian civilisation with a cathedral at Abercorn on the Firth of Forth in 681. But the Church’s blessing was not so cheaply bought. After Ecgfrith scorned advice and went ahead with an unprovoked raid on the Irish kingdom of Brega in 684, Cuthbert, appointed Bishop of Lindisfarne early the following year, warned that the next such campaign would be Ecgfrith’s last.

Ecgfrith laughed off Cuthbert’s forebodings, determined to add to his Scottish possessions. But the Picts rebelled, and on May 20th, 685, their warrior-king Bridei mac Bili, Ecgfrith’s cousin, slew him and routed his army at Nechtansmere, somewhere north of the Tay.

Based on ‘History of the English Church and People’ IV.26, by St Bede of Jarrow (?673-635).
Précis
On taking the crown of Northumbria in 670, Ecgfrith immediately set about enlarging his kingdom at the expense of kingdoms in both Scotland and Ireland. These greedy campaigns drew criticism from the Church, but Ecgfrith would not heed the warnings, and on May 20th, 685, he fell in battle against the Picts, just as Cuthbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne, had foretold.
Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

Why did Ecgfrith attack the Picts shortly after becoming King of Northumbria in 670?

Suggestion

He was ambitious for a larger realm.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

The Battle of Nechtansmere took place in 685. The Kingdom of Northumbria became weaker. The Vikings conquered it in 866.

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