The Copy Book

Presumption and Innocence

Charles Dickens chastises those who alter the plots of classic tales to push some social agenda of their own.

By Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
1853

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Presumption and Innocence

© David Croker, Geograph. Licence: CC-BY-SA 2.0. Source
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Fragile hope... a small tortoiseshell butterfly near Hope in the county of Shropshire. For Dickens, fairytales were the core of a child’s education, delicately crafted over the centuries to mould impressionable minds and hearts in virtues common to us all; they were to be treated as history, and never appropriated for some modish propaganda campaign.

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© David Croker, Geograph. Licence: CC-BY-SA 2.0.

Fragile hope... a small tortoiseshell butterfly near Hope in the county of Shropshire. For Dickens, fairytales were the core of a child’s education, delicately crafted over the centuries to mould impressionable minds and hearts in virtues common to us all; they were to be treated as history, and never appropriated for some modish propaganda campaign.

Introduction

Charles Dickens’s friend, the cartoonist George Cruikshank, rewrote various fairytales as propaganda for teetotalism. Dickens, however, soon appreciated the dangers in allowing social activists to indoctrinate children like this.

IT would be hard to estimate the amount of gentleness and mercy that has made its way among us through these slight channels. Forbearance, courtesy, consideration for poor and aged, kind treatment of animals, love of nature, abhorrence of tyranny and brute force - many such good things have been first nourished in the child's heart by this powerful aid.

In an utilitarian age, of all other times, it is a matter of grave importance that Fairy tales should be respected. Every one who has considered the subject knows full well that a nation without fancy, without some romance, never did, never can, never will, hold a great place under the sun. To preserve them in their usefulness, they must be as much preserved in their simplicity, and purity, and innocent extravagance, as if they were actual fact. Whosoever alters them to suit his own opinions, whatever they are, is guilty, to our thinking, of an act of presumption, and appropriates to himself what does not belong to him.

By Charles Dickens (1812-1870)

Slightly abridged from ‘Frauds on the Fairies’, by Charles Dickens

Six Questions for Critics

1. What has the author tried to do?

2. How has he fulfilled his intention?

3. What is he striving to express?

4. How has he expressed it?

5. What impression does his work make on me?

6. How can I best express this impression?

From The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Précis

After his friend George Cruikshank took it upon himself to rewrite well-loved fairytales to promote Victorian values, Dickens responded with an essay, warning that such indoctrination would quickly get out of hand if not checked. He believed that myths and legends need to be treated with the same respect as history itself. (52 / 60 words)

After his friend George Cruikshank took it upon himself to rewrite well-loved fairytales to promote Victorian values, Dickens responded with an essay, warning that such indoctrination would quickly get out of hand if not checked. He believed that myths and legends need to be treated with the same respect as history itself.

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Variations: 1.increase the length of this precis to exactly 55 words. 2.reduce the length of this precis to exactly 45 words. 3.introduce one of the following words into the precis: about, despite, just, may, must, or, unless, who.

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Word Games

Sevens Based on this passage

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

Did Dickens regard fairy tales as factual history?

Variations: 1.expand your answer to exactly fourteen words. 2.expand your answer further, to exactly twenty-one words. 3.include one of the following words in your answer: if, but, despite, because, (al)though, unless.

Spinners Find in Think and Speak

For each group of words, compose a sentence that uses all three. You can use any form of the word: for example, cat → cats, go → went, or quick → quickly, though neigh → neighbour is stretching it a bit.

This exercise uses words found in the accompanying passage.

1 Have. Many. Other.

2 Alter. Place. Way.

3 Aid. Heart. His.

Variations: 1. include direct and indirect speech 2. include one or more of these words: although, because, despite, either/or, if, unless, until, when, whether, which, who 3. use negatives (not, isn’t, neither/nor, never, nobody etc.)

Homonyms Find in Think and Speak

Each of the words below has more than one possible meaning. Compose your own sentences to show what those different meanings are.

This exercise uses words found in the accompanying passage.

1. Hold. 2. Kind. 3. Subject. 4. Well. 5. Own. 6. Grave. 7. Suit. 8. Can.

Show Suggestions

For each word above, choose one or more suitable meanings from this list.

1. Tin, of food or drink. 2. Match well, be appropriate to. 3. A burial place. 4. Formal clothing. 5. Not badly. 6. Sort, type. 7. A deep hole providing water. 8. Belonging to oneself. 9. Possess. 10. Serious, sober. 11. Liable to. 12. ‘The product is subjected to (forced to undergo) rigorous testing’. 13. (informal) fire from a job. 14. Chief cargo space of a ship. 15. Legal action. 16. Have in the hands; one’s grip. 17. Admit. 18. Sympathetic and generous. 19. Verb expressing the ability to do something. 20. Topic, theme.

High Tiles Find in Think and Speak

Make words (three letters or more) from the seven letters showing below, using any letter once only. Each letter carries a score. What is the highest-scoring word you can make?

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