The Hare and Many Friends

She next the stately Bull implored;
And thus replied the mighty lord:
“That I sincerely wish you well;
I may, without offence, pretend
To take the freedom of a friend.
Love calls me hence; a favourite cow
Expects me near yon barley-mow;
And when a lady’s in the case,
You know all other things give place.
Since every beast alive can tell
To leave you thus might seem unkind,
But see, the Goat is just behind.”

The Goat remark’d her pulse was high,
Her languid head, her heavy eye:
“My back,” says he,may do you harm;
The Sheep’s at hand, and wool is warm.”
The Sheep was feeble, and complain’d
His sides a load of wool sustain’d;
Said he was slow; confess’d his fears;
For hounds eat sheep as well as Hares.

She now the trotting Calf address’d,
To save from death a friend distress’d:
“Shall I,” says he, “of tender age,
In this important care engage?
Older and abler pass’d you by;
How strong are those! how weak am I!
Should I presume to bear you hence,
Those friends of mine may take offence.
Excuse me, then: you know my heart;
But dearest friends, alas! must part.
How shall we all lament! Adieu,
For see, the hounds are just in view.”

As given in ‘The Fables of John Gay’ (1889) by John Gay (1685-1732).

Précis
A Bull pleaded that he would be no gentleman if he kept his Cow waiting; the Goat said he was too uncomfortable a ride; a frightened sheep grumbled about his heavy fleece; and after a Calf said he was too young to question the unanimous judgment of his elders, the Hare was left to face the hunt alone.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

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