The Best and Worst of Britain

THE defects of England may be thus reduced: one thing is very prejudicial to their trade, viz. that they eat a great quantity of meat, and are naturally too much addicted to ease; so that they are obliged to put on board their ships as many more men and provisions as the Dutch. Though the English are very fond of money, and consequently easy to be bribed, yet they despise a moderate gain; whereas the Dutch, being content with a reasonable advantage, get more goods to be transported from one place to another, than the English.*

There is perhaps no country where rheums and coughs are more predominant, especially in winter, which are often attended with ill consequences, if not timely prevented: agues and rheumatisms are also very rife, especially near the sea. Lastly, lawsuits are here a very common distemper, which by the great number of lawyers are often spun to a great length, to the prejudice of good neighbourhood, if not to the utter ruin of families.

Abridged from ‘A Voyage to Great Britain’ (circa 1730) attributed to Don Manoel Gonzales, in ‘General Collection of Voyages and Travels,’ (1808-14) Volume II, selected and edited by John Pinkerton (1758-1826). Spelling modernised.

Gonzales argues that the English harm their trade by trying to squeeze too much profit out of every transaction, instead of lowering their prices and consequently selling more of their goods. This was a hundred years before the Repeal of the Corn Laws turned Britain towards free markets, and (as Gonzales notes) the self-defeating greed reached into protectionist Westminster itself.

Précis
Having listed Britain’s blessings, Gonzales went on to point out some flaws. He lamented her people’s high consumption of meat, which he believed had a negative impact on their merchant shipping, and drew attention to their various coughs and sniffles. His most scathing criticism was however for excessive litigation, and the lawyers who encouraged it.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Read Next

Koré

Sir Edward Leithen finds himself revising his opinion of the ‘detestable’ Koré Arabin.

Fatal Counsel

King Edmund Ironside’s courageous defence of his crown against the invading Danes was undermined by treachery at home.

The Great Stand at the River Ugra

Ivan III, Grand Prince of Moscow, finally stood up to the Great Horde and their opportunistic Western allies.