The Voyage of Sigurd

KING Kirjalax* offered them to abide there and guard his body, as was the wont of the Varangians* who went into his pay, but it seemed to earl Sigurd and the other chiefs that it was too small a career to grow old there in that fashion; and they begged the king to give them some towns or cities which they might own and their heirs after them.

King Kirjalax tells them of a land lying north in the sea, which had lain in old under the emperor of Micklegarth, but in after days the heathen had won it and abode in it. The king granted them this. The Englishmen fared away out of Micklegarth and north into the sea; but some chiefs stayed behind in Micklegarth, and went into service there.* Earl Sigurd and his men got the land won, and called it England. To the towns that were in the land and to those which they built they gave the names of the towns in England, both London and York, and other great towns in England; and that folk has abode there ever since.*

abridged

Heavily abridged from ‘Edward’s Saga’ (Játvarðar Saga) translated by Sir George W. Dasent, in an Appendix to ‘Icelandic Sagas’ Vol. 3 (1894).

Emperor Alexius Komnenos (r. 1081-1118). The author says he had just won the throne, which means these events took place shortly after 1081. If Sigurd is Sigurd Barn, the date must be after 1087.

Varangians means much the same as Vikings, though it is customarily used for those Scandinavian warriors who served in the personal bodyguard of the Roman Emperors at Constantinople, and also for the Vikings who settled Russia in the ninth century.

See Welcome to Micklegarth. For the story of how one man served the English community there, see Home from Home.

“The land” says the Saga “lies six days and nights’ sail across the sea in the east and northeast from Micklegarth.” Suggestions range from the Crimea to Arkhipo-Osipova about eighty miles north of Sochi on the eastern shores of the Black Sea.

Précis
Emperor Alexius invited his deliverers to be his personal bodyguard, but Sigurd and many others wanted their own realms to govern. Alexius told them of a land across the Black Sea formerly under Roman rule which they could have if they could retake it. They did, and called it England, naming their towns after places back home.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

What reward did the Englishmen ask of the Emperor?

Suggestion

To be granted estates in his Empire.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

Constantinople was besieged. The English liberated it. Emperor Alexius thanked them.

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