The Outbreak of the Great War

Germany felt she had a right to an empire like Britain’s, and she was willing to get it at the expense of her neighbours.

1914-1918

King George V 1910-1936

Introduction

In 1871, Otto von Bismarck hammered Prussia and other small princedoms of the region into a new united Germany. The new Union greedily coveted British industrial progress and colonial expansion, but as John Buchan wrote, ‘she began too late in the day, and could succeed only at the expense of her neighbours’.

FROM the 1890s onwards Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, envious of Britain’s industrial and colonial success and exhilarated by German unification, began pouring resources into battleships, weapons and manufacturing. Britain and other European nations, sensing danger, nervously followed suit.

Amidst rising tensions Austria-Hungary announced on 8th October, 1908, a formal claim on Bosnia. They had occupied it ever since helping the Russians to eject the Ottoman Turks in 1878, and now undertook to Westernise it, for its own good. Slav nationalists were outraged, and on June 28th, 1914, Gavrilo Princip assassinated the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo.

In the ‘July Crisis’ that followed, the Austro-Hungarians declared war on Bosnia’s neighbour, Serbia, backed by Germany, but Tsar Nicholas II of Russia bitterly disappointed cousin Wilhelm by taking Serbia’s side. When France also defied him, Wilhelm ordered his troops to cross neutral Belgium and teach the French a lesson, leaving Britain no alternative but to enter the war on 4th August, 1914.

Précis
German industrial and military build-up had created such unbearable tension in Europe that when Austria-Hungary picked a fight with Serbia over Bosnia, and Germany backed the Austro-Hungarians, all Europe was dragged into the conflict. Britain, initially a spectator, came to the aid of Belgium and France on 8th August, 1914.
Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

Why did Kaiser Wilhelm build up his navy in the 1890s?

Suggestion

To help Germany became a colonial power.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

Britain was a great colonial power. She was an advanced industrial nation. Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany was envious.

Read Next

The Greatest Mart Town of all Muscovy

Flemish merchants hoping to prosper in Russia’s commercial capital received a nasty shock.

The Coronation of Anne Boleyn

The weight of the crown that Anne Boleyn wore proved too heavy to bear.

The Debtor and his Pig

There are no lengths to which some people won’t go.