Clay Lane

The Copy Book

A Library of History and Literature in English

← Page 1

373

A Right and a Duty

The tighter the US Government’s stranglehold on dissent grew, the harder Daniel Webster fought for freedom of speech.

In 1814, the USA was still embroiled in the War of 1812 with Great Britain. Many citizens of east coast States were dismayed, holding that the war was wrecking the economy for no demonstrable gain. President James Madison’s pro-France hawks in Washington responded by trying to silence critics as traitors, but young Daniel Webster, recently elected to Congress as Member for New Hampshire, was defiant.

Read

Picture: By Henry R. Robinson, via the Library of Congress and Wikimedia Commons. Licence: Public domain.. Source.

374

On Westminster Bridge

On his way to war-torn France, William Wordsworth passed through London and was overwhelmed by the quiet of the early morning.

The following Sonnet was written, William Wordsworth recalled, “on the roof of a coach, on my way to France.” It was July 1802, and he was off with his sister Dorothy to visit his old flame Annette Vallon and their daughter Caroline; he had not seen Annette since the French Revolution had so cruelly parted them nearly ten years before. His journey from London took him across Westminster Bridge at dawn.

Read

Picture: By Daniel Turner (fl. 1802-1817), via Wikimedia Commons. Licence: Public domain.. Source.

375

English Spirit

Edmund Burke told the House of Commons that the American colonies’ refusal to be dictated to by Westminster was the very spirit that had made the Empire great.

In 1766, Parliament truculently reasserted the right to tax and regulate Britain’s thirteen American colonies. The Americans were allowed no MPs in the Commons, but they had many friends, and barely a month before those first shots rang out in Lexington on April 19th, 1775, Edmund Burke warned the Government not to try to crush the manly English spirit that made Americans so independent.

Read

Picture: by Don Troiani (1949-), Wikimedia Commons. Licence: Public domain image.. Source.

376

The Glory of Athens

Classical Greece has been an inspiration to every generation because she stands for the triumph of liberty and reason over prejudice and power.

In 1808, William Mitford (1744-1827) published a History of Greece, of which Thomas Macaulay was far from uncritical; but it prompted him to reflect on the hold that classical Greece continues to exercise over us all. We speak of it mostly in terms of fine buildings and grand oratory, of places of learning or gatherings at Court, but the real glory of Athens, said Macaulay, does not lie there.

Read

Picture: By William Blake Richmond (1842-1921), Wikimedia Commons. Licence: Public domain.. Source.

377

The Liberty of Athens

The supreme arts and literature of ancient Athens all sprang from the State’s refusal to interfere in the life of the citizen.

In 1808, William Mitford (1744-1827) published a History of Greece to the death of Alexander in 327 BC. A recurrent theme of his narrative was a horror of the kind of popular politics for which Athens is famous, and his conviction that stability comes from a close-knit group of elder statesmen keeping the country on a tight rein. Macaulay completely disagreed.

Read

Picture: Photo by George E. Koronais, Wikimedia Commons. Licence: Public domain.. Source.

378

The Duties of Government

John Bright told his Birmingham constituents that if Britain was indeed a great nation, it was because her public was contented and not because her empire was wide.

After John Bright MP criticised British imperial policy in India, saying it was too much about the glories of empire and too little about the condition of the people, a Calcutta newspaper scolded him and reminded him solemnly of the greatness of Rome. But Bright was unrepentant, and speaking to his constituents in Birmingham on October 29th, 1858, he brought his lesson closer to home.

Read

Picture: By Helen Allingham (1848-1926), via Wikimedia Commons. Licence: Public domain.. Source.