Clay Lane

The Copy Book

A Library of History and Literature in English

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1321

Alfred to Ethelred

A brief introduction to England’s rulers, beginning with the only one named ‘the Great’.

At the end of the 9th century, the eastern side of England was occupied by Danish invaders with their own government (‘the Danelaw’), and King Alfred of Wessex on the south coast inherited a kingdom on the edge of extinction. Little more than a century later, his successors had united all England under them.

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Picture: © David Dixon, Geograph. Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0.. Source.

1322

Ethelred to William I

England’s rulers from the king who lost his crown to the Danes, to the French duke who took the crown from the English.

The House of Wessex consolidated its rule in 10th-century England, until Ethelred ‘the Unready’ came to the throne in 978. Thereafter, the kingdom was weakened by corruption and intrigue at court, and in 1013 the Danish King Sweyn took the English crown...

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Picture: Via Wikimedia Commons. Licence: Public domain.. Source.

1323

The Genius Next Door

William Murdoch’s experiments with steam traction impressed his next-door neighbour, with world-changing results.

The clever hand-powered wooden tricycle that a young William Murdoch built with his father made a triumphant reappearance many years later as a miniature steam-powered vehicle. That in turn led to the railway revolution – courtesy of his next-door-neighbour.

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Picture: © Philip Halling, Geograph. Licence: CC-BY-SA 2.0.. Source.

1324

The Hat that Changed the World

Young William’s hat caught the eye of Matthew Boulton, and the world was never the same again.

The invention of the steam engine and the railways changed the world out of all recognition. It might never have happened had the firm of Boulton and Watt, pioneers in the steam engine, not employed a self-taught Scotsman with a very unusual hat.

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Picture: © Philip Halling, Geograph. Licence: CC-BY-SA 2.0.. Source.

1325

Mr Snawley Thinks Ahead

Mr Snawley has two stepsons he would like to offload, and Mr Squeers seems just the right person to help him.

Mr Wackford Squeers, headmaster of Dotheboys Hall in Yorkshire, is in London looking for clients. He is approached at the Saracen’s Head by a Mr Snawley, step-father to two small boys, who is looking for a cheap, far-off boarding school with none of those ill-judged holidays ‘that unsettle children’s minds so’.

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Picture: © N Chadwick, Geograph. Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0.. Source.

1326

Bread from Heaven

Cuthbert trusted that keeping his promised fast would not do him any harm.

A shieling is a temporary stone hut, built for the summer months when sheep or cattle are taken to higher ground. Bede tells us that a near-contemporary, the seventh-century saint Cuthbert, once had a remarkable experience in one of these huts, as he was journeying across the empty moorland of Northumbria.

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Picture: © Mike Quinn, Geograph. Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0.. Source.