Extracts from Classical Literature

Posts in The Copybook tagged ‘Extracts from Classical Literature’

13
An Appeal to Philip Sober Valerius Maximus

A woman convicted of a crime she did not commit took her case to a higher power.

Like his famous son Alexander the Great, Philip II, King of Macedon (r. 359-336 BC) was a Philhellene who aspired to the manners and language of the cultivated Greeks; but there remained a barbarian side to Philip which showed in his seven wives and his bouts of drinking.

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14
Mark Antony Catches a Kipper Plutarch

The surprisingly sensitive Roman commander was hoping to impress a girl with his angling skills.

After Julius Caesar was murdered in 44 BC, his nephew Octavian joined forces with Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony) to avenge him at the Battle of Philippi. Rome’s possessions were divided among the three victors, and Mark Antony was granted Egypt, at that time ruled by Cleopatra VII Philopator.

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15
A Pyrrhic Victory Plutarch

The ancient Greek King knew victory had cost his army more than it could afford to lose.

In 279 BC, forty-two years after his illustrious predecessor Alexander the Great died, Pyrrhus, King of Epirus and Macedonia, halted the advance of the Roman Republic at Asculum (Ascoli Satriano) in Apulia, southern Italy. The cost to his army was so great that he famously declared that another such victory would utterly ruin him - a ‘Pyrrhic victory’ indeed.

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16
The Rewards of Treachery Marcus Tullius Cicero

Cicero warns those who seek power through civic unrest that they will never be the beneficiaries of it.

In 63 BC, Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BC) accused Lucius Sergius Catilina of scheming to overthrow the Republic. In exposing the plot, he warned the Senate against five kinds of political troublemaker, including those who stir up ill-feeling and violence at home, hoping to be the beneficiaries of it.

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17
Xerxes Scourges the Hellespont Herodotus

The Persian King felt that a lord of his majesty should not have to take any nonsense from an overgrown river.

In 483 BC, Xerxes I (r. 486-465 BC) rallied all Persia for a second attempted conquest of Greece, after the failure of Darius I at Marathon seven years earlier. He planned his route meticulously, throwing two bridges across the Hellespont, the narrow stretch of water between the mainland of Asia Minor and the Gallipoli peninsula in what is now Turkey, but it was not a straightforward business.

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18
‘Stand out of my Sunshine!’ Plutarch

Alexander the Great dropped a hint to his sycophantic entourage.

In 336 BC, the young Alexander, son of Philip II of Macedon, was just beginning his astonishing rise to be King of all Greece and Asia. Like all great men, he was surrounded by tittering hangers-on; one wonders if they quite got the hint he gave them here.

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