The Copy Book

‘To the Heights!’

Part 2 of 2

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By Henry Ossawa Turner, via Wikimedia Commons. Licence: Public domain.

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‘To the Heights!’

By Henry Ossawa Turner, via Wikimedia Commons. Licence: Public domain. Source
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‘Annunciation’ by American artist Henry Ossawa Tanner (1859–1937). The logical conclusion of Barlaam’s position is that the Virgin Mary never actually saw the Archangel Gabriel or heard his voice; she saw light and heard sound conjured upon the air, but miraculous as that may be neither of them belonged to an angel or to any place other than this earth. For Gregory, however, Mary’s eyes were opened by the Holy Spirit to see a light and hear a voice from beyond our fleeting shadowlands; for a moment she entered Gabriel’s world, and saw things as they are forever.

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Continued from Part 1

SUCH was Gregory’s deep knowledge of Scripture and Tradition that in 1341 a synod at Constantinople, the Imperial capital, found in his favour. Slanders spread by a former ally led to three years in jail, but two further imperial synods in 1347 and 1351 exonerated him. Even after he was appointed Archbishop of Thessalonica in 1347, it took another three years for Gregory to win acceptance; but he served out the rest of his life there (apart from 1354, spent in the Ottoman court after being kidnapped by Turkish pirates) and died in 1359. His last words were, ‘To the heights!’

Barlaam, meanwhile, joined the estranged Roman Church, as Bishop of Gerace. In Italy, he found Theology more to his taste, a studious Science of texts and philosophies. In the East, however, Gregory’s ideas prevailed. Theology remained an Encounter: the monks of Mount Athos returned to their caves and cells ready to soothe busy minds, and dim the glare of worldly distractions; perhaps, to glimpse with heart-sight a glory that is not of this world.

With acknowledgements to ‘A Sermon on the Transfiguration’ by St Gregory Palamas (1296-1359).

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Word Games

Spinners Find in Think and Speak

For each group of words, compose a sentence that uses all three. You can use any form of the word: for example, cat → cats, go → went, or quick → quickly, though neigh → neighbour is stretching it a bit.

This exercise uses words found in the accompanying passage.

1 Estrange. Philosophy. Sight.

2 Found. His. Three.

3 Cell. Conclude. Imagine.

Variations: 1. include direct and indirect speech 2. include one or more of these words: although, because, despite, either/or, if, unless, until, when, whether, which, who 3. use negatives (not, isn’t, neither/nor, never, nobody etc.)

Homophones Find in Think and Speak

In each group below, you will find words that sound the same, but differ in spelling and also in meaning. Compose your own sentences to bring out the differences between them.

This exercise uses words found in the accompanying passage.

1. Sew. So. 2. Two. Too. 3. Knew. New. 4. Taught. Taut. 5. Know. No. 6. Him. Hymn. 7. Holy. Wholly. 8. Rest. Wrest. 9. Pleas. Please.

Homonyms Find in Think and Speak

Each of the words below has more than one possible meaning. Compose your own sentences to show what those different meanings are.

This exercise uses words found in the accompanying passage.

1. Light. 2. See. 3. Serve. 4. Lead. 5. Even. 6. Brief. 7. Mount. 8. May. 9. Spread.

Show Suggestions

For each word above, choose one or more suitable meanings from this list.

1. Hand out, especially food. 2. Disperse more and more widely. 3. Instructions; give instructions. 4. A lavish meal. 5. Set flame to. 6. An electrical cable. 7. Jam, fruit conserve. 8. A month of the year. 9. Verb indicating possibility. 10. Not heavy or serious. 11. The seat of a bishop. 12. Get up onto a horse. 13. Fulfil the functions of. 14. Short in time. 15. Organise e.g. an expedition. 16. Flat and smooth. 17. Minister to. 18. Observe with the eyes. 19. Guide. 20. Reward (especially negatively). 21. Leash. 22. Not dark. 23. Not odd. 24. Tall hill. 25. In the extreme case. 26. The hawthorn tree and its blossom. 27. A soft metal. 28. An opening shot in tennis. 29. Put a picture in a frame.

Add Vowels Find in Think and Speak

Make words by adding vowels to each group of consonants below. You may add as many vowels as you like before, between or after the consonants, but you may not add any consonants or change the order of those you have been given. See if you can beat our target of common words.

lm (5+3)

See Words

elm. lame. lime. loam. loom.

lama. lima. limo.

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