Thus Was the Empire Born

If, in spite of this, the domestic situation became too much for him he could always take a ship and go to sea, and there seek or impose the peace which the Papal Legate, or the Mediaeval Trade Union, or a profligate Chancellor of the Exchequer denied to him at home. And thus, gentlemen — not in a fit of absence of mind* — was the Empire born. It was the outcome of the relaxations of persecuted specialists — men who for one cause or another were unfit for the rough and tumble of life at home. They did it for change and rest, exactly as we used to take our summer holidays, and, like ourselves, they took their national habits with them. For example, they did not often gather together with harps and rebecks* to celebrate their national glories, or to hymn their national heroes. When they did not take them both for granted, they, like ourselves, generally denied the one and did their best to impeach the other. But, by some mysterious rule-of-thumb magic, they did establish and maintain reasonable security and peace among simple folk in very many parts of the world, and that, too, without overmuch murder, robbery, oppression, or torture.

An assement voiced by eminent historian Sir John Seeley in 1883, and echoed by George Santayana during the Great War: see The Absent Minded Conquerors and The Englishman. Adam Smith, writing back in 1776, had taken a position similar to that of Kipling. He reminded readers that the passengers on the Mayflower had gone to North America in 1620 not to take English government to the benighted peoples of the world, but to get away from it. See Great Mother of Men.

* A rebec(k) was a mediaeval stringed instrument (typically with three strings) played with a bow. It was played like a violin, but the body was pear-shaped like a viol.

Précis
Not everyone had been willing to stay at home and weather these storms. Historians who said that the British Empire had been created by men without any clear purpose were quite wrong: many empire-builders were focused on ridding themselves of the English government; and others might have done worse damage in that quest, added Kipling, than the English did.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

Why, in Kipling’s opinion, did the first empire-builders go abroad?

Suggestion

To rid themselves of the English government.

Read Next

A Little Common Sense

William Pitt the Elder doubts the wisdom of letting experts run the country.

Mir Kasim

The East India Company installed Mir Kasim as Nawab of Bengal, only to find that he had a mind of his own.

The Bombardment of Algiers

For two centuries, human traffickers had stolen English men, women and children for the slave-markets of the Arab world.