The Road to Ruin

All projects for growing rich by sudden and extraordinary methods, as they operate violently on the passions of men, and encourage them to despise the slow moderate gains that are to be made by an honest industry, must be ruinous to the public, and even the winners themselves will at length be involved in the public ruin.

God grant the time be not near when men shall say, “This island was once inhabited by a religious, brave, sincere people, of plain, uncorrupt manners, respecting inbred worth rather than titles and appearances, assertors of liberty, lovers of their country, jealous of their own rights, and unwilling to infringe the rights of others; improvers of learning and useful arts, enemies to luxury, tender of other men’s lives, and prodigal of their own; inferior in nothing to the old Greeks or Romans, and superior to each of those people in the perfections of the other. Such were our ancestors during their rise and greatness; but they degenerated, grew servile flatterers of men in power, adopted Epicurean notions,* became venal, corrupt, injurious, which drew upon them the hatred of God and man, and occasioned their final ruin.”

Abridged.

* Epicurus (341-270 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher who encouraged people to enjoy life while they had it. Berkeley is perhaps a little unfair in bringing his name into this discussion. Happiness, for Epicurus, demanded the exercise of moderation, and lay in the pursuit of simple pleasures.

Précis
Berkeley feared that one day some historian might look back over our history and lament that England, a nation that had once combined the best of classical Greece and Rome, had afterwards drifted so far from principles or religion, thrift and industry that her people had lived only for idle self-gratification, and fallen into ruin.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

What is the effect, in Berkeley’s opinion, of schemes to get rich without labour?

Suggestion

They bring ruin on individuals and society.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

Historians will write about our country. I hope they will write nice things. We should try to deserve it.

See if you can include one or more of these words in your answer.

IFuture. IIPraise. IIIWorthy.

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