The Iron Seamstress

IT was work easily learned and abundantly wanted. Poor creatures whose prospect was so dark that any pittance was a relief, could always, if they would accept the hard price, get the work. True, better times than those of forty-eight have dawned:* and in the future, hope is placed most confidently by all men.

But while we acknowledge that it is for the good of everybody that the iron seamstress should ply her double needles,* we may well look around to see what field of labour may be fairly laid open to helpless women. We are told that they would make tender doctors for one another; that in walks of science and knowledge, there is room they may well fill; that in the broad ways of the world there are many honourable employments for which they are appropriately fitted.* No doubt. Still, if we look to it a little, while the iron seamstress is practising her five hundred stitches per minute, we may take that one effective stitch in time which is said to save nine.*

abridged

Abridged from ‘The Iron Seamstress’ by William Blanchard Jerrold (1826-1884), in ‘Household words: a weekly journal conducted by Charles Dickens’ No. 203 (February 11, 1854) pp. 553–76.

A reference to the ‘year of revolutions’ that shook Continental Europe in 1848, and was felt even in the United Kingdom. In the issue for October 29, 1853, William Duthie and Henry Morley had written about the impact on France. “The French workman always is a loser by political disturbance. The crisis of eighteen hundred and forty-eight — a workman’s triumph — reduced the value of industry in Paris from sixty to twenty-eight millions of pounds. Fifty-four men in every hundred were at the same time thrown out of employ, or nearly two hundred thousand people in all.”

Charles Dickens, Jerrold’s editor at ‘Household Words,’ was keen on industrial innovation. In the issue for January 31, 1857, Henry Morley drew on an address by Sir Edwin Chadwick (1800-1890), as reported in the Journal of the Society of Arts (Nov. 14, Dec. 26, 1856), to argue that mechanised mass production improved the lot of the labouring man by creating new jobs and raising wages. Neither Dickens nor Jerrold wanted to see the sewing machine put back in its box; they wanted to see women granted wider access to the opportunities that the ‘iron seamstress’ was creating.

See also Equally Free, in which Victorian expert on education Joshua Fitch (1824-1903) urged that women be allowed (but not forced) into all the professions at every level.

‘A stitch in time saves nine’ is a proverb encouraging swift intervention now to prevent a great deal of trouble later on. Economist Jean Baptiste Say (1767-1832) gave an example, reading like a fable but sadly only too real, in which failure to mend a broken latch on a gate resulted in severe hardship. See A Stitch in Time.

Précis
Jerrold reminded readers that work as a seamstress, though poorly paid, had at least been reliable. Sewing machines were a social blessing but it was right to help women find alternative employment, for example in medicine or education. Whatever the work may be, Victorian men must embrace opening it up to women, or there would be trouble ahead.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

How did Jerrold want Victorian society to respond to the invention of the sewing machine?

Suggestion

By finding alternative work for unemployed seamstresses.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

Seamstresses were not paid well. There was always work for them.

See if you can include one or more of these words in your answer.

ILow. IIPlentiful. IIIShortage.

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