A Coy and Humorous Dame

NOW it is absolutely impossible, from the Nature of an Arbitrary Government,* that she should enjoy Security and Protection, or indeed be free from Violence, under it. There is not one Man in a Thousand that has the Endowments and Abilities necessary to govern a State, and much fewer yet that have just Notions how to make Trade and Commerce useful and advantageous to it; and amongst these, ’tis rare to find one who will forgo all personal Advantages, and devote himself and his Labours wholly to his Country’s Interest: But if such a Phoenix* should arise in any Country, he will find it hard to get Access to an Arbitrary Court, and much harder yet to grapple with and stem the reigning Corruptions in it, where Virtue has nothing to do, and Vice rides triumphant; where Bribery, servile Flattery, blind Submission, riotous Expense, and very often Lust and unnatural Prostitutions, are the Ladders to Greatness; which will certainly be supported by the same Methods by which it is obtained.

original spelling

From (preserving the original spelling) ‘Cato’s Letters’ Vol. II (1723) by John Trenchard MP (1662-1723) and Thomas Gordon (?-1750).

* Arbitrary government is a government where those in authority — whether a king, a president or a council of ministers — are allowed to act as they please because constitutional restraints are weak or dormant. By comparison with (say) Louis XV (r. 1715-1774) in France or Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725) in Russia, Great Britain’s George I (r. 1714-1727) and his prime minister Sir Robert Walpole (in office 1721-42) were under considerable constitutional restraint, but evidently not enough for Trenchard.

* A fantastical bird, said to be reborn to new life in a blaze of fire. Trenchard is emphasising that honest politicians are rare to the point of being both spectacular and also legendary.

Précis
‘Cato’ went on to lament the culture of corruption prevailing in government circles, which would never permit reform. Where ministers have too much power, they favour the careers of men who share their own vices; and long before he reached the top of the ladder, any man whose integrity set him apart would have become like all the rest.
Questions for Critics

1. What are the authors aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the authors communicate their ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Read Next

The Abduction of Tarzan

John Clayton, a British colonial official lost in the African jungle, is caught unawares by Kerchak, the gorilla.

The Legend of Beowulf

The oldest surviving heroic legend in English begins with a wild creature of the fens that hunts men for prey.

The Tragedy of Coriolanus

Roman statesman Gnaeus Marcius Coriolanus was thrust out the City for his hardline politics, but he did not stay away for long.