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On the night when Edward IV won his crown back from Henry VI, he had to decide how to deal with those who had still been backing Henry during the day.

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1471

King Henry VI 1422-1461, 1470-1471 to King Edward IV 1461-1470, 1471-1483

By Richard Burchett (1815–75), via Wikimedia Commons. Licence: Public domain.

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Fair and Loving Words

By Richard Burchett (1815–75), via Wikimedia Commons. Licence: Public domain. Source
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A detail from ‘Sanctuary’ by Richard Burchett (1815-1875). It shows Edward IV (on the left), after the Battle of Tewkesbury on May 4th, 1471, in pursuit of the captains of Henry VI’s defeated army to the very door of Tewkesbury Abbey. The battle was part of the Wars of the Roses: as a result of it, Edward’s House of York took the crown from Henry’s House of Lancaster. Henry’s son Prince Edward, the last remaining heir of the Duchy of Lancaster, was killed as he fled the scene: Henry himself had been murdered on April 21st, 1471, so his indomitable queen Margaret of Anjou had raised the army. The Yorkists held the crown until 1483, when Henry Tudor snatched it from Richard III to become Henry VII.

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Introduction

In 1461, Edward of York crushed Henry VI at Towton, and at just eighteen was proclaimed king of England. Henry was captured in 1465 and sent to the Tower. In September 1470, his supporters turned the tables and drove Edward onto the Continent, but their songs died on their lips the following April, when Edward IV came storming back, and the citizens of London welcomed him with open arms.

WHEN the duke of Somerset and other of king Henry’s friends, saw the world thus suddenly changed every man fled, and in haste shifted for himself,* leaving king Henry alone, as an host* that should be sacrificed, in the Bishops palace of London, adjoining to Paul’s church, not knowing of whom nor what counsel to ask, as he which with trouble and adversity was clearly dulled and appalled, in which place he was by king Edward taken, and again committed to prison and captivity.

This was a sudden change, for the same day, the Archbishop of York to the intent that the people might more firmly stick on his side, caused him to ride about London, apparelled in a gown of blue velvet, with a great company crying ‘king Henry, king Henry’ (which sight as much pleased the citizens as a fire painted on the wall, warmed the old woman) not knowing that or* night, his triumphing should be turned to trembling, and his solemnity converted into mourning, such chance was to him provided.

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* ‘Shift for oneself’ means ‘manage as best one can without help’.

* From the Latin word hostia meaning ‘victim’.

* A variant spelling in Middle English for ‘ere’, meaning ‘before’.

Précis

Edward IV, exiled to Flanders, returned to London in the Spring of 1471 to cheering crowds; but even as he approached, some were still parading his embattled rival Henry VI through the streets, hoping to rally support for the bemused and frightened king. It was all to no purpose. Henry was arrested, and confined in the Tower. (57 / 60 words)

Edward IV, exiled to Flanders, returned to London in the Spring of 1471 to cheering crowds; but even as he approached, some were still parading his embattled rival Henry VI through the streets, hoping to rally support for the bemused and frightened king. It was all to no purpose. Henry was arrested, and confined in the Tower.

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Variations: 1.increase the length of this precis to exactly 60 words. 2.reduce the length of this precis to exactly 50 words. 3.introduce one of the following words into the precis: because, besides, just, may, must, since, until, whether.

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