The Copy Book

Desperate Measures

Sir Philip Francis told the House of Commons that it must not let ministers manufacture crises as an excuse for grabbing more power.

Abridged

Part 1 of 2

1794

King George III 1760-1820

By James Lonsdale (1777-1839), via the National Portrait Gallery and Wikimedia Commons. Licence: ? Public domain.

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Desperate Measures

By James Lonsdale (1777-1839), via the National Portrait Gallery and Wikimedia Commons. Licence: ? Public domain. Source
X

Sir Philip Francis (1740-1818), painted by James Lonsdale (1777-1839). Francis’s scepticism over the motives of King George III’s ministers went back to his days as a clerk in the War Office, when from 1769 to 1772 he (most scholars agree it was Philip) penned a series of scathing political letters to the press under the name ‘Junius’. Well-meaning as the King and his ministers were, he said, the lamentable state of the nation was not simply evidence that politicians were failing to cure it; it was evidence that their policies were actually causing it. “It is the pernicious hand of government” he wrote “which alone can make a whole people desperate.”

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Introduction

In 1794, Great Britain was braced for an invasion by neighbouring France, and King George III, as hereditary Elector of Hanover, decided that the situation warranted stationing Hanoverian troops in Britain. Sir Philip Francis, among others, demanded to know why the Commons had not been consulted, and was told that in desperate times His Majesty’s Government can take desperate measures.

BUT, if that be taken for granted, as it is much too generally, what follows? What have the Ministers of the crown to do but to excite or create a foreign quarrel, which is always at their command, and then they justify upon the case. They may bring any foreign force they will into this kingdom, because it is time of war; that is, they may make the time and the occasion when they will.

A base, corrupt, and abject people, when once they are properly frighted, when once they are sufficiently alarmed, will submit to any thing for the sake of being defended. The English nation will be threatened with a French invasion, and instead of being called upon to defend themselves, will be told that they may be perfectly quiet, for the King has subsidized an army of Germans, and will take care to protect them without giving them any further trouble. — I trust that Englishmen will look a little to the conclusion of this doctrine, before it be too late.

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Précis

In 1794, Sir Philip Francis rose in the House of Commons to demand that King George III explain his unilateral decision to bring German troops to England. The plea that a French invasion was imminent did not impress him: Governments, he said, can always create some panic as a cloak for conditioning the public to ever greater compliance. (58 / 60 words)

In 1794, Sir Philip Francis rose in the House of Commons to demand that King George III explain his unilateral decision to bring German troops to England. The plea that a French invasion was imminent did not impress him: Governments, he said, can always create some panic as a cloak for conditioning the public to ever greater compliance.

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Variations: 1.increase the length of this precis to exactly 65 words. 2.reduce the length of this precis to exactly 55 words. 3.introduce one of the following words into the precis: because, if, otherwise, ought, since, whereas, whether, who.

Word Games

Jigsaws Based on this passage

Express the ideas below in a single sentence. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

George III expected a French invasion. He brought over troops from Hanover. Philip Francis did not approve.

Variation: Try rewriting your sentence so that it uses one or more of these words: 1. Cricitise 2. England 3. Threat