‘Beware Greeks Bearing Gifts’

But Capys, and they whose minds were wiser in counsel, bid us either hurl headlong into the sea this guile of the Greeks, this distrusted gift, or fire it with flames heaped beneath; or else pierce and probe the hollow hiding-place of the womb.

The wavering crowd is torn into opposing factions. Then, foremost of all and with a great throng following, Laocoön in hot haste runs down from the citadel’s height, and cries from afar: “Oh, wretched citizens, what wild frenzy is this? Do ye believe the foe has sailed away? or think ye any gifts of the Greeks are free from treachery? Is it thus ye know Ulysses?* Either enclosed in this frame there lurk Achaeans,* or this has been built as an engine of war against our walls, to spy into our homes and come down upon the city from above; or some trickery lurks therein. Trust not the horse, ye Trojans. Whatever it be, I fear the Greeks, even when bringing gifts.”*

So saying, with mighty force he hurled his great spear at the beast’s side and the arched frame of the belly. The spear stood quivering and with the womb’s reverberation the vaults rang hollow, sending forth a moan. And had the gods’ decrees, had our mind not been perverse, he had driven us to befoul with steel the Argive den,* and Troy would now be standing, and thou, lofty citadel of Priam,* wouldst still abide!

Abridged from ‘Virgil: Eclogues, Georgics, Aeneid I-VI’ (1916, 1930) translated by H. Rushton Fairclough (1862-1938).

* Ulysses is the Roman name for Odysseus, Prince of Ithaca and along with Achilles and Agamemnon one of the greatest of the Greek heroes. After the siege was over, he had many adventures before he could reach home, which are told by Homer in The Odyssey. See posts tagged Odysseus.

* Achaeans was another term for Greeks. Achaea is a northern region of the Peloponnese, which includes the city of Patras.

* In Latin, timeo Danaos et dona ferentis, “I fear Greeks, even when bearing gifts” (ferentis is an archaic form of ferentes). ‘Beware Greeks bearing gifts’ is now a proverb meaning ‘Don’t trust your enemies, especially when they’re being nice’.

* Argives was yet another term for Greeks, drawn from the city of Argos in the eastern Peloponnese.

* Priam was King of Troy. The Siege of Troy ended with victory for the Greeks and the destruction of the city.

Précis
It was not like the Greek captain Odysseus, Laocoön reminded his fellow Trojans, to be so meek: in all likelihood the horse was a trap, and he was never more wary of Greeks than when they brought gifts. If only, reflected Aeneas, the citizens of Troy had listened to him: for then Troy might yet be standing.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

The wooden horse was Odysseus’s idea. ‘You cannot trust Odysseus’ said Laocoön.

See if you can include one or more of these words in your answer.

IBehind. IIPlan. IIITrick.

Read Next

The Martyrdom of St Stephen

Stephen was the first person to lose his life because he was a follower of Jesus Christ.

The Bully and the Brakesman

A young George Stephenson takes responsibility for the team spirit at Black Callerton mine.

The Daring Escape of Richard the Fearless

The ten-year-old got away from a royal castle disguised as a bundle of hay.