A Dream of Independence

I BELIEVE that it is our duty not only to govern India well now for our own sakes and to satisfy our own conscience, but so to arrange its government and so to administer it that we should look forward to the time when India will have to take up her own government, and administer it in her own fashion.*

By doing this, I think we should be endeavouring to make amends for the original crime upon which much of our power in India is founded,* and for the many mistakes which have been made by men whose intentions have been good. If we seek thus to deal with those millions, and men in after ages condemn our fathers for the policy which for the time bound India to England,* they may award praise to us and to those who come after us for that we have striven to give them that good government and that freedom which He who is supreme over all lands and all peoples will in His own good time make the possession of all His children.

abridged

Abridged from ‘Public Addresses’ by John Bright (1811-1889). The speech was delivered on December 11th, 1877, to Members of the Indian Association in Manchester Town Hall.

* Bright did not think this could be done straightaway. Although he recognised that his proposal for moving towards six or seven strong and independent states was controversial, “that would be a thousand times better than our being withdrawn from it now when there is no coherence amongst those twenty nations, and when we should find the whole country, in all probability, lapse into chaos and anarchy, and into sanguinary and interminable warfare.”

* Bright had said earlier, “the empire has been built up by means which I am afraid have been instrumental in building up almost all great empires, by ambition, and crime, and conquest.” Bright was of course not so naive as to suppose that rival European Powers in India such as the French, the Dutch or the Portuguese would have done better, or left India alone. “There is nothing in the world more clear than this,” Bright added a little later, “that India is essentially a country at this moment of great and abject poverty, and that the reputation of its wealth has only been founded upon the fact that it is a country which marauders have always found it easy to plunder.”

* One such critic in Bright’s own day was Major Thomas Evans Bell, a former employee of the East India Company. When Bell went on a speaking tour of the USA, Bright wrote to him a strongly-worded letter telling him that if Bell wanted to help India, instead of scolding the British for yesterday’s mistakes he might like to scold the Americans for today’s high tariffs on Indian trade. See The Righting of Wrongs.

Précis
Bright stressed that readying India for self-government would not only benefit Britain in the sort term, but also lead later generations to look back with pride on their forefathers, and make up for some of the British Empire’s misdeeds; for self-governance is a blessing that God wishes to give all nations in due time.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

What did Bright think should be the central aim of British government in India?

Suggestion

To get Indians ready to govern themselves.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

Parliament planned a new Government for India. Bright made some suggestions. Parliament did not listen.

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