The Grandest of All Sepulchres

LET us draw strength, not merely from twice-told arguments — how fair and noble a thing it is to show courage in battle — but from the busy spectacle of our great city’s life as we have it before us day by day, falling in love with her as we see her, and remembering that all this greatness she owes to men with the fighter’s daring, the wise man’s understanding of his duty, and the good man’s self-discipline in its performance — to men who sacrificed their lives as the best offerings on her behalf.

So they gave their bodies to the commonwealth and received each for his own memory praise that will never die and with it the grandest of all sepulchres, not that in which their mortal bones are laid but a home in the minds of men where their glory remains afresh to stir to speech or action as the occasion comes by. For the whole earth is the sepulchre of famous men; and their story is not graven only on stone over their native earth, but lives on far away, without visible symbol, woven into the stuff of other men’s lives. For you now it remains to rival what they have done.*

From the ‘History of the Peloponnesian War’ by Thucydides (?460-?404 BC), translated by Sir Alfred Eckhard Zimmern (1879-1957) and reproduced in ‘The Pageant of Greece’ (1923) by Sir Richard Winn Livingstone (1880-1960).

* This superb speech helped cement Pericles’s place in the hearts of Athenians, but he was unsentimentally cast aside as soon as things did not go so well. See Pericles and the Fickle Public of Athens.

Précis
Pericles went on to say that the most fitting monument for the fallen of Athens was not the place where they were buried, however grand, but the minds of Athenians — so long as the living matched the dead in courage, duty and self-discipline, and cherished the ideals for which they had made the ultimate sacrifice.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

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