St Peter, by an anonymous artist between 1650 and 1799.

By an anonymous artist, 1650-1799, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain.

St Peter, by an anonymous artist painting in the style of Guido Reni (1575-1642). St Peter was recognised as the chief of the Twelve Apostles in Jesus’s lifetime, and after Pentecost he led Christian missions across the Roman Empire. Although the New Testament speaks of John Mark as a companion of Barnabas, traditions passed down from the earliest days say that John Mark also accompanied Peter on his preaching tours, and composed his Gospel on the basis of them. The Gospel According to St Mark is, therefore, as much the Gospel According to St Peter, shaped by his thought, experiences and tricks of speech.

The Making of Mark

He [Papias] has also inserted in his work other accounts given by the above-mentioned Aristion,* respecting our Lord, as also the traditions of the Presbyter John;* to which referring those that are desirous of learning them, we shall now subjoin to the extracts from him, already given, a tradition which he sets forth concerning Mark, who wrote the Gospel, in the following words:

“And John the Presbyter also said this: Mark being the interpeter of Peter, whatsoever he recorded he wrote with great accuracy but not however, in the order in which it was spoken or done by our Lord, for he neither heard nor followed our Lord, but as before said, he was in company with Peter, who gave him such instruction as was necessary, but not to give a history of our Lord’s discourses: wherefore Mark has not erred in any thing, by writing some things as he has recorded them; for he was carefully attentive to one thing, not to pass by any thing that he heard, or to state any thing falsely in these accounts.”

Abridged.

From two passages (Book II.15 and Book III.39) in The Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius Pamphilus, translated (1850) by Isaac Boyle.

* Aristion is said to have been Bishop of Smyrna (modern İzmir, Turkey) and to have seen Jesus Christ with his own eyes.

* Papias claims to have been a companion of someone he calls John the Presbyter (or Elder, an ecclesiastical role). Evidently, some people took this to be a reference to John the Evangelist, for Eusebius, who had read Papias’s now lost book on the Apostles, took the trouble to say that he had received no impression that Papias knew any of the Apostles personally, and that this John was therefore someone else.

Précis
Drawing on very early authorities, Eusebius went on to remark that St Mark’s account was not based on his own knowledge of Jesus Christ, but relied entirely on the preaching of Peter. This, he said, gave Mark’s Gospel a peculiar interest and authority, even though what he recorded was not necessarily in strict chronological order.
Questions for Critics

1. What is the author aiming to achieve in writing this?

2. Note any words, devices or turns of phrase that strike you. How do they help the author communicate his ideas more effectively?

3. What impression does this passage make on you? How might you put that impression into words?

Based on The English Critic (1939) by NL Clay, drawing on The New Criticism: A Lecture Delivered at Columbia University, March 9, 1910, by J. E. Spingarn, Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University, USA.

Sevens

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

What was St Mark’s aim in writing his Gospel?

Suggestion

To record the preaching of St Peter.

Jigsaws

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

Mark did not know Jesus. He learnt about him from Peter. His account of Jesus’s life is accurate.

See if you can include one or more of these words in your answer.

IAlthough. IINever. IIIRely.

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