Mediaeval History
Posts in The Copybook tagged ‘Mediaeval History’
Following the Battle of Crécy in 1346, Edward III instituted an order of chivalry in honour of St George, inspired (some said) by something he picked up in the street.
Two years after the Battle of Crécy in 1346, King Edward III instituted the Order of the Garter for twenty-six companions who had helped him to victory. Its colours were those of France, and the motto ‘Honi soit qui mal y pense’ (shame on him who thinks ill of it) was a rebuff to those who questioned Edward’s claim to the French crown. Rumours abounded as to why Edward chose a garter for the emblem.
When Malcolm III, King of Scots, met Princess Margaret of Wessex, he knew at once that he had found a woman capable of setting an example to a whole nation.
Following the Norman Invasion in 1066, Prince Edgar, whose claim to the throne was at least as strong as William of Normandy’s, allied with King Sweyn II of Denmark (who also had a decent claim) to unseat William. However, the crafty William bought Sweyn off at the last moment, leaving Edgar and his sisters little option but to flee into Scotland.
The Battle of Lewes in 1263 took place just a few miles from the Battle of Hastings two centuries before it, and was arguably as important.
Henry III (r. 1216-1272) allowed extravagance and extortionate taxation to drive his noblemen to the brink of rebellion. When in 1258 he did as his father John had done, and signed the Great Charter only to break it soon after, civil war beckoned. Yet the conflict proved a blessing, for as American historian David Montgomery explains, it led to ‘government by the people.’
When King Henry III’s barons turned up to his council wearing full armour, he realised he had to mend his ways.
When King John died in 1216, England was in civil war. A series of cool-headed regents for John’s nine-year-old son Henry III steadied the kingdom, but when Henry took over from them in 1236 he immediately undid all their good work. His spending was so lavish (he tried to buy Sicily) and he levied such cruel taxes to fund it, that his barons longed for the days when Henry had left government to them.
Henry V’s chaplain Thomas Elmham, an eyewitness of the battle of Agincourt, gave us this account of the King in the moments before the fighting began.
William Shakespeare was not alone in dramatising King Henry V’s rousing speech before the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. Henry’s chaplain Thomas Elmham (1364-?1427), who was present, also recorded the king’s words to his troops. We join him just as the famous stakes on which the French cavalry would impale themselves have been driven into the muddy ground.
Edmund, King of the East Angles, is given a stark choice by the Viking warrior who has ravaged his realm.
Some four years after the Great Heathen Army of the Vikings landed in 865, Hingwar ravaged the Kingdom of the East Angles with indiscriminate bloodshed. He then sent a messenger to their lord, King Edmund, in his now silent Hall, bearing an ultimatum: to live and be Hingwar’s vassal, or to die. What follows is said to be the story as told by an eyewitness.