The Copybook

Short passages for reading, drawn from history, legend, poetry and fiction.

January 1 ns December 19 os

Read short passages similar to those NL Clay collected in his anthologies, to gain a feeling for the language, history and culture of the English-speaking world.

The Last Gladiatorial Games

January 1

The Last Gladiator Clay Lane

The people of Rome suddenly turned their back on centuries of ‘sport’ - all because of one harmless old man.

After Alaric the Goth’s assault on Rome was successfully turned back, victory games were held in the Roman Colosseum on January 1st, 404. As usual, they quickly descended into savagery.

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Sinking of HMS Formidable

January 1

The Gift of Life A. G. Gardiner

When columnist ‘Alpha of the Plough’ was asked to select his most memorable moment of the Great War, he told the story of HMS Formidable.

Asked which event of the Great War had made the deepest impression on him, columnist ‘Alpha of the Plough’ recalled the fate of HMS Formidable, twice torpedoed by a German U-Boat during night-time exercises off the Devon coast on January 1st, 1915. The Captain, 34 officers and 512 crew died; 157 men were picked up from the water or made it ashore in two boats.

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The first Meeting of Australia’s Parliament

January 1

The First Fleet John Patience Chard

Having brought hundreds of convicts to New South Wales, Arthur Phillip then had to conjure order out of their chaos.

The first British settlement in Australia was established at Sydney Cove on January 26th, 1788, and named after the Home Secretary. The policy of penal transportation was barbarity, but out of it Captain Phillips and his successors conjured civilisation — and began by disobeying orders.

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New Year’s Day

January 1

Ring out the Old, Ring in the New Alfred, Lord Tennyson

For Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Christmas was a time to let the dead past bury its dead.

The death of Tennyson’s close friend Arthur Henry Hallam left familiar Christmas Eve customs such as the holly and the music and the dancing full of sad memories for him. He responded positively, however, embracing the deeper message of Christmas Day: a new beginning, a New Year.

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Christmastide

December 19 os

Angels and Men Agree Elfric of Eynsham

The birth of Jesus Christ fundamentally changed the relationship between mankind and the angels.

Elfric of Eynsham reminds us that when God’s Son took flesh and was born from the Virgin Mary in Bethlehem, he conferred an honour on all human bodies and indeed all creation. After the Nativity, even the angels changed their dealings with us, out of respect for what happened on that night in the inn.

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Featured

Russia’s Heroic Stand Compton’s Encyclopedia

In 1941, with much of the West subdued, Adolf Hitler bent the full force of his hatred on Moscow.

The British Empire held out against the Nazis almost alone for two years. The arrival of the Americans in 1942 was a blessed relief, but it was the Russians (also somewhat late to the party) who bore the brunt of the Nazis’ hatred, and whose sacrifices and determination finally broke the vast German military machine.

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1
The Two Shakespeares Arthur Clutton-Brock

Arthur Clutton-Brock complained that idealising Shakespeare had made him dull.

Arthur Clutton-Brock was, for many years, art critic for the Times, and knew something of the artistic temperament. On the tercentenary of the death of William Shakespeare (1564-1616), he deplored the way that Shakespeare had been turned into a National Institution.

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2
England Expects John Pasco

Lieutenant John Pasco not only flew the most famous signal in British history, he helped write it.

On October 21st, 1805, the Royal Navy crushed a French and Spanish fleet at Cape Trafalgar, Spain. This permanently deprived Napoleon Bonaparte, the French Emperor, of sea-power, and ended his hopes of conquering Britain. Though Admiral Nelson died that day, his call to arms remains one of the best-known sentences in the English language. Here, Lieutenant John Pasco recalls how it was made.

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3
Tender Plants Albert, Prince Consort

Prince Albert regretted the destructive power of the Art Critic.

On May 3rd, 1851, Prince Albert spoke at a dinner in honour of the recently elected President of the Royal Academy, Sir Charles Lock Eastlake (1793-1865). The present company, the Prince admitted, were better placed to judge Sir Charles as an artist. But thanks to working so closely with him, he had learnt something about their new President that they might not know: how kindly he dealt with other artists.

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4
Fatal Vow Lucy Hutchinson

Robert Pierrepont called heaven to witness that he would never pick a side in the Civil War.

Robert Pierrepont (1584-1623), 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull, sided with Charles I in the Civil War after much debate. Soon afterwards, on July 16th, 1643, he was captured by the Parliamentarians at Gainsborough, and died in a botched rescue attempt. When the war was over, and Charles II had been restored to his throne, Lucy Hutchinson added a strange detail to the Earl’s sad story.

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5
The Turn Ben Jonson

Ben Jonson tells us how we should measure a life well lived.

Ben Jonson’s collection of short poems Underwoods was published in 1640, soon after he died. He tells us that it takes its title from a habit of classical poets, who liked to call their miscellanies ‘Woods’. If Jonson’s earlier poems were his woods, he said, then these little additions were shrubs on the woodland floor. The following lines are a reflection on the value of a life.

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6
The Character of George Washington Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson recalls the virtues (and a few faults) of the first US President.

In 1814, former US President Thomas Jefferson (who had served from 1801 to 1809) wrote a letter to Walter Jones (1776-1861), a lawyer whom Jefferson had appointed US attorney for the District of Columbia in 1802. In his letter, Jefferson reminisced about George Washington, supreme commander of the American revolutionary army and first President of the USA.

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