The Copy Book

In This Sign Conquer

Bishop Eusebius recalls what Constantine told him about the vision that brought him the crown.

Part 1 of 2

events of AD 312

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In This Sign Conquer

© Udimu, Wikimedia Commons. Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0. Source

A Christian wall painting in Lullingstone Roman Villa, Kent

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A wall painting from a Roman Villa in Lullingstone, Kent. The villa dates back to around AD 80, but the Christian wall art belongs to the middle of the fourth century. The centre of the design is the Greek Chi-Rho symbol (to English eyes, an X and a P) which form the first two letters of the title Christ. Also worked into the design are the Greek letters alpha and omega, a reference to Revelation 1:8 and a further indication of devotion to Jesus Christ. Charles Dickens believed the Romans brought us no better gift that this, the Good News: see What the Romans Did for Us.

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A Christian wall painting in Lullingstone Roman Villa, Kent

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© Udimu, Wikimedia Commons. Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0.

A wall painting from a Roman Villa in Lullingstone, Kent. The villa dates back to around AD 80, but the Christian wall art belongs to the middle of the fourth century. The centre of the design is the Greek Chi-Rho symbol (to English eyes, an X and a P) which form the first two letters of the title Christ. Also worked into the design are the Greek letters alpha and omega, a reference to Revelation 1:8 and a further indication of devotion to Jesus Christ. Charles Dickens believed the Romans brought us no better gift that this, the Good News: see What the Romans Did for Us.

Introduction

It was at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, on October 28th, 312, that Constantine — encouraged by the British legions — overcame his rival Maxentius and emerged as the sole ruler of the Roman Empire. In this passage, his friend and confidant Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea, recalls what Constantine told him about his vision before the battle, and the banner that Christ told him to make.

He said that about noon, when the day was already beginning to decline, he saw with his own eyes the trophy of a cross of light in the heavens, above the sun, and bearing the inscription, Conquer In This.* At this sight he himself was struck with amazement, and his whole army also, which followed him on this expedition, and witnessed the miracle.

He said, moreover, that he doubted within himself what the import of this apparition could be. And while he continued to ponder and reason on its meaning, night suddenly came on; then in his sleep the Christ of God appeared to him with the same sign which he had seen in the heavens, and commanded him to make a likeness of that sign which he had seen in the heavens, and to use it as a safeguard in all engagements with his enemies.

At dawn of day he arose, and communicated the marvel to his friends: and then, calling together the workers in gold and precious stones, he sat in the midst of them, and described to them the figure of the sign he had seen, bidding them represent it in gold and precious stones. And this representation I myself have had an opportunity of seeing.

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* More usually given as ‘in this sign, conquer’. The Greek is ἐν τούτῳ νίκα, ‘in this, conquer’. The Latin is ‘in hoc signo [vinces]’; this is not to be confused with the monogram IHS often seen in churches, which comes from the first three letters of the name Jesus in Greek, ΙΗΣ (ΙΗΣΟΥΣ, Ιησοῦς).

Précis

Eusebius of Caesarea passed on what Constantine told him about the vision he saw before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge: a cross of light in the midday sky, with the message ‘In this sign, conquer’. Afterwards, the vision was confirmed in a dream, in which he was bidden to make a banner to carry into the fight. (58 / 60 words)

Eusebius of Caesarea passed on what Constantine told him about the vision he saw before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge: a cross of light in the midday sky, with the message ‘In this sign, conquer’. Afterwards, the vision was confirmed in a dream, in which he was bidden to make a banner to carry into the fight.

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Variations: 1.increase the length of this precis to exactly 65 words. 2.reduce the length of this precis to exactly 55 words. 3.introduce one of the following words into the precis: besides, just, may, not, or, otherwise, unless, whether.

Word Games

Sevens Based on this passage

Suggest answers to this question. See if you can limit one answer to exactly seven words.

What was Constantine commanded to do by the figures in his dream?

Suggestion

Variations: 1.expand your answer to exactly fourteen words. 2.expand your answer further, to exactly twenty-one words. 3.include one of the following words in your answer: if, but, despite, because, (al)though, unless.

Jigsaws Based on this passage

Express the ideas below in a single sentence, using different words as much as possible. Do not be satisfied with the first answer you think of; think of several, and choose the best.

Constantine saw a cross in the sky. He did not know what it meant.

Variation: Try rewriting your sentence so that it uses one or more of these words: 1. Loss 2. Understand 3. Vision

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