Clay Lane

The Copy Book

A Library of History and Literature in English

← Page 1

577

Dog Collar

A scrawny wolf listens enviously as a well-fed dog describes the comforts of home, but a flat patch of fur on the dog’s neck worries him.

Many Aesop’s Fables tell of a Wolf and a Dog, and many of them also address the question of liberty and the value we place on it. In this story, hunger has driven a sorry-looking Wolf to work for his keep, but he has not lost his wits and his sharp little eyes spot something that calls for an explanation.

578

Heracles and the Waggoner

Heracles refuses to come to the aid of man who is perfectly able to help himself.

This little tale has popularised the expression ‘put one’s shoulder to the wheel.’ A waggoner gets into difficulties, and begs heavenly help. All right and proper so far, said Sir Roger l’Estrange, but it wouldn’t do any harm to give it a push too...

579

A Moral and Religious People

John Adams, the second President of the USA, told army officers in Massachusetts that the Constitution he had helped to draw up could not guarantee them liberty.

On October 11th, 1798, President John Adams told officers of a Massachusetts militia brigade that the United States’ historic Constitution (which he had helped to write) was never about centralised Power. Unlike politicians over in Europe, he said, he would not promise to conjure up order out of a selfish, thoughtless and pleasure-seeking society.

580

A Backward Step

As William Lecky watched the rapid spread of socialism across the European Continent, he was struck by a powerful sense of déjà vu.

For William Lecky, a contemporary of Karl Marx, ‘Socialism’ meant a politics in which the things that were properly the responsibility of individuals and families were snatched away and dictated by the supposedly wiser Government. Such a politics, he said, was no different to the tyrannies of the past; it merely replaced the arrogance of king or sultan with the arrogance of the politburo.

581

Democracy in Europe

Events in Italy and Austria seemed to be bringing the day ever closer when a European democracy would vote herself into oblivion.

The United Kingdom is not a simple democracy; she is a democratic and parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Just as well, thought Irish historian and Unionist MP William Lecky. The kind of democracy they had on the Continent pandered to grievance groups, extremists and slick campaign strategists, and he feared it would soon become a screen for dictatorship.

582

The Spanish Armada

At the height of the Inquisition, King Philip II of Spain sent a glorious fleet against England to bring the nation back to his Church.

When Mary I of England died in 1558, her devoutly Catholic widower Philip II of Spain felt he should have inherited her crown. Instead it went to Mary’s Protestant half-sister Elizabeth, who gave asylum to Dutch Protestants suffering under Philip’s Spanish Inquisition, harassed his Atlantic trade, and in 1587 executed her most plausible Catholic rival, Mary Queen of Scots. A year later, Philip took drastic action.