Clay Lane

The Copy Book

A Library of History and Literature in English

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1291

‘God Tempers the Wind to the Shorn Lamb’

Mary Mason could not forgive herself for a past misdeed.

Lady Mary Mason inherited Orley Farm from her husband, Joseph Mason of Groby Park, Yorkshire, who was forty-five years her senior and had a son of his own. A bitter, damaging court-case ensued. The Will was upheld, but later on Mary privately admitted she had forged it, and she never forgave herself.

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1292

Jane Austen

The blushing clergyman’s daughter is recognised today as one of the great figures of English literature.

Jane Austen (1775-1817) was not especially well-known in her own day, but has subsequently become recognised as one of the foremost novelists in English. Her dry wit, sparkling characters and radical themes have endeared her novels and herself to millions, not least Winston Churchill.

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1293

Turning the Tide

King Canute enacted a memorable demonstration of the limits of government power.

This famous story is regarded as a fable by many but it is a very early one, being already established only a century or so after the time of King Canute (Cnut), who reigned from 1016 to 1035. It is important to be clear that Canute was not trying to prove he could ‘turn back the tides’. He was trying to prove that he couldn’t.

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1294

Xerxes Scourges the Hellespont

The Persian King felt that a lord of his majesty should not have to take any nonsense from an overgrown river.

In 483 BC, Xerxes I (r. 486-465 BC) rallied all Persia for a second attempted conquest of Greece, after the failure of Darius I at Marathon seven years earlier. He planned his route meticulously, throwing two bridges across the Hellespont, the narrow stretch of water between the mainland of Asia Minor and the Gallipoli peninsula in what is now Turkey, but it was not a straightforward business.

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1295

Alfred to Ethelred

A brief introduction to England’s rulers, beginning with the only one named ‘the Great’.

At the end of the 9th century, the eastern side of England was occupied by Danish invaders with their own government (‘the Danelaw’), and King Alfred of Wessex on the south coast inherited a kingdom on the edge of extinction. Little more than a century later, his successors had united all England under them.

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1296

Ethelred to William I

England’s rulers from the king who lost his crown to the Danes, to the French duke who took the crown from the English.

The House of Wessex consolidated its rule in 10th-century England, until Ethelred ‘the Unready’ came to the throne in 978. Thereafter, the kingdom was weakened by corruption and intrigue at court, and in 1013 the Danish King Sweyn took the English crown...

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