Clay Lane

The Copy Book

A Library of History and Literature in English

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1273

George III to Victoria

A quick overview of the Kings and Queens of England from George III in 1760 to Victoria in 1837.

Below is a brief overview of the Kings of England from King George III in 1760, who lost the American colonies but encouraged the Industrial Revolution, to Queen Victoria in 1837, in whose day Britain became a worldwide trading Empire and ushered in the modern world.

1274

Victoria to George VI

A quick overview of the Kings and Queens of England from Victoria in 1837 to Elizabeth II in 1952.

Below is a brief overview of the Kings of England from Queen Victoria in 1837, Empress of India and the first ruler of a truly modern, industrialised Britain, to Elizabeth II in 1952, Queen regnant of a sovereign nation weary of its European neighbours’ thirst for superpower.

1275

Henry IV to Henry VI

A quick overview of the Kings of England from Henry IV in 1399 to Henry VI in 1422.

Below is a brief overview of the Kings of England from Henry IV, who acquired the throne almost by accident when trying to regain the title of Duke of Lancaster, to Henry VI, who forfeited the crown of France won by his famous father.

1276

Pirates at Penzance

The people of Penzance in Cornwall did not think an Algerian corsair much better than a French warship.

It may seem quaint that Cornish villagers ran home to lock up their daughters when they heard of shipwrecked sailors on the beach. But this was 1760, when everyone was braced for a French invasion in the Seven Years’ War, and when Algiers was the centre of a miserable human-trafficking industry which specialised in ‘goods’ from Christian Europe.

1277

Britain and the Tsars

Britain’s ties to the rulers of Russia go back to the time of the Norman Invasion.

The story of Russia began when Vikings established a Princedom in Great Novgorod just across the Baltic Sea. At the same moment, the Vikings’ Great Army was also swarming over England, and King Alfred the Great was preparing to do battle; but a Viking past is not all that the two nations have in common.

1278

For Valour

The Victoria Cross is the highest award made to our Armed Forces.

The Victoria Cross was instituted by Queen Victoria in 1856, and was first awarded in 1857. It rewards members of the Armed Forces for showing exceptional bravery in the face of the enemy.